Evaluation of the efficacy of bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of central non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term efficacy of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) chemotherapy in the treatment of centeral non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-eight patients with central non-small-cell lung cancer, who were assessed as difficult operable or non-operable by imaging examination, received BAI of cisplatin, epirubicin and mitomycin alone or in combination. It includes 51 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma and 1 case of adenosquamous carcinoma. The cinical stage before BAI wasIIb in 3 cases, IIIa in 26 cases and IIIb in 29 cases. Long term follow-up was conducted and the results were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of BAI was 43.1%. The mediam survival (MS) of all 58 patients was 29.1 months. 31 patients after BAI became operable and were resected, had a median survival of 65.2 months. 27 patients after BAI were not resected and had a MS of 15.9 months. There was a significant difference between the patients who had been resected and not. The MS of IIIa stage patients was 39.0 months, and IIIb stage 20.4 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy is a better choice with a definite efficacy for treatment of center-based NSCLC patients, estimated as difficult operable but without distant metastasis.</p>

Impact of 2009 FIGO staging system on the diagnostic value of preoperative MRI staging of endometrial carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes of 2009 FIGO staging system compared with the 1988 FIGO staging system of endometrial carcinoma and evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI staging by the 2009 FIGO criteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was performed on 63 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed endometrial carcinoma who were treated by surgery initially from January to December 2009. The diagnostic value of preoperative MRI by the 2009 FIGO staging system was compared with that using the 1988 FIGO system, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the 2009 FIGO staging system of endometrial carcinoma, stage Ia was defined as no or less than half myometrial invasion, which included stage Ia (confined to endometrium) and stage Ib (invasion less than half of the myometrium) of the 1988 FIGO staging system. Stage Ib assessed by the 2009 FIGO system was the same as the stage Ic of 1988 FIGO system, indicating the lesions more than half myometrial invasion. Endocervical glandular involvement only (stage IIa of 1988 FIGO system) was classified as stage I. Positive cytology of ascites (stage IIIa of 1988 FIGO system) was excluded by the 2009 FIGO criteria. Using the 1988 FIGO system, the accuracy of MRI for the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma of stage Ia, Ib, Ic, whole stage I, IIa, IIb, whole stage II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, whole stage III and IVb were 95.2%, 79.4%, 81.0%, 84.1%, 96.8%, 90.5%, 90.5%, 92.1%, 98.4%, 92.1%, 82.5%, and 98.4%, respectively, while using the 2009 FIGO system, the accuracy of MRI of stage Ia, Ib, whole stage I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, whole stage III and IVb were 88.9%, 81.0%, 88.9%, 92.1%, 98.4%, 98.4%, 92.1%, 88.9% and 98.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 2009 FIGO staging system is simplified on the basis of the 1988 FIGO system. It gives an improved accuracy of MRI in evaluating the stage I to III endometrial carcinoma.</p>

CT features of ovarian Brenner tumor and a report of 9 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy, the computed tomographic (CT) features of ovarian Brenner tumor were described and analyzed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT image and clinical data of nine patients with pathologically confirmed Brenner tumor were collected and analyzed retrospectively. There were 8 benign lesions and 1 borderline lesion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All lesions in the nine cases were unilateral, round, lobulated or irregular in shape and well defined, in a mean diameter of 7.8 cm. Among the nine cases, 5 were benign tumors with uniform structure, 3 were benign tumors accompanied with other pathological components, and 1 was borderline tumor. On the CT images, the 5 uniform benign lesions showed to be solid tumor of low density (lower than that of muscle) or with small cyst inside, two of the 5 lesions had calcification, and other 2 lesions showed slightly heterogeneous enhancement after enhanced scanning. The 3 benign Brenner tumors accompanied with other pathological structures were solid-cystic or cystic, with a clear demarcation of solid and cystic components. The density of solid parts was lower than that of muscle, and slight enhancement, and one of them had calcification. The one borderline tumor was a heterogeneous solid one and its density was higher than that of muscle, with a large proportion of low density and large calcification, and moderately enhanced after enhancing. None of the 9 cases had metastasis or effusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ovarian Brenner tumors are usually unilateral and often accompanied with other type of tumor components. When a tumor is of uniform component, the CT imaging often shows a homogeneous solid tumor with homogeneous or heterogeneous density. When a tumor is accompanied with other tumor components, it may be solid-cystic or cystic and has partial calcification. After enhancing, a benign Brenner tumor is slightly enhanced, while the borderline one is moderately/highly enhanced.</p>

Preliminary application of diffusion-weighted imaging with 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner for nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to explore the appropriate b value during this procedure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed NPC and 20 volunteers underwent DWI using single-shot echo-planar imaging technique were enrolled in this study. Four groups of b value (600, 800, 1000 and 1200) were applied. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) between the primary tumor of NPC and the metastatic lymph nodes were compared in each group. ADC between the metastatic lymph nodes and benign nodes were also compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Although the mean ADC were not significantly different between NPC and those of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in each group, the mean ADC of the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower than those of benign nodes (P<0.05). When b value was 800, both satisfying images and accurate measurements were acquired.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DWI is helpful in the diagnosis of primary lesions and their lymph node metastases of NPC.</p>

Value of high-field MR diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the usefulness of high-field MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five female patients with pathologically proven endometrial carcinoma, 10 patients with pathologically proven endometrial dysplasia and 41 normal volunteers were enrolled into this study. MR images were obtained at a 3.0 T MR scanner (GE, SIGNA EXCITE HD 3.0T) and an 8-element phased-array torsopa coil was used to receive MR signal. The conventional pulse sequences included axial SE T1WI, FSE T2WI and fat saturated FSE T2WI, sagittal FSE T2WI, and coronal fat saturated FSE T2WI. Axial DWI was performed in all patients using a SE-EPI sequence with a 1000 s/mm(2) b value. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of carcinoma, dysplasia and normal mucosa were measured among the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with myometrium, all the endometrial carcinoma, dysplasia and normal endometrium had a markedly high signal intensity on DWI. The ADC of endometrial carcinoma, dysplasia and normal endometrium was (1.08 +/- 0.23) x 10(-3)mm(2)/s, (1.29 +/- 0.21) x 10(-3) mm(2)/s and (1.41 +/- 0.21) x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the carcinoma and normal endometrium (t = -6.416, P = 0.000), and between the carcinoma and dysplasia (t = -2.590, P = 0.013). However, no significant difference in ADC was found between highly-differentiated and moderately-differentiated adenocarcinomas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-field MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is highly sensitive in detecting endometrial lesions. It can be used to differentiate the endometrial carcinoma from either dysplasia or normal endometrium, but is difficult to differentiate highly-differentiated adenocarcinoma from moderately-differentiated one.</p>

Post-radiation CT changes and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern Asia. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment strategies for NPC. Although approximately 19% - 56% of patients develop a recurrent disease 5 years after their primary treatment, recognition of post-radiation changes and early detection of relapse are important in improving the outcome of NPC. Our aim was to analyze the post-radiation changes and recurrent diseases related to NPC using computed tomography (CT) scans and to investigate their relationship.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CT scans of 510 pathologically proven NPC patients who have been followed up for more than 2 years after radiation were reviewed. The tumor's response to the radiation therapy and its relevance to recurrence were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For patients who were followed up for more than 2 years, their CT scans-obtained within 3 months, during the 4th to the 6th month, and beyond 7 months after radiation therapy, showed a normal nasopharyngeal cavity with a slight thickening in the wall in 93.5%, 95.0% and 84.8% of the patients respectively. The degree of tumor regression had no significant relevance to the risk of recurrence within the initial 3 months (P = 0.094). During this term, the relapse rates in the cases in which the nasopharyngeal walls were displayed as normal, slightly or moderately thickening, or with obvious residual masses on CT scans were 7.1%, 11.7%, 23.5% and 23.1% respectively. The degree of tumor regression beyond 3 months after radiation therapy had a considerable reverse relevance to the risk of recurrence (P = 0.000). The relapse rates were 13.2%, 14.1%, 10.2% and 2.1%, respectively, in the cases with a normal and a slightly thickening nasopharyngeal wall during the 4th to the 6th month, the 7th to the 12th month, the 13th to the 24th month, and beyond 25 months after radiation. In contrast, the percents in cases with moderate or more aggressive thickening walls in the corresponding periods were 62.5%, 88.9%, 100% and 100%. Within 6 months after radiation therapy, shown by CT scans, the metastatic lymph nodes disappeared, markedly decreased, slightly decreased, or enlarged in 37.4%, 51.8%, 4.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, of the patients. During 6 to 12 months after radiation therapy, the proportions were 78.5%, 19.2%, 0.6% and 1.7% correspondingly. Beyond 12 months, the proportions were 83.7%, 7.9%, 0%, and 8.4%. The regression degree of the malignant nodes after radiation therapy showed a remarkable reverse relevance to the risk of recurrence in lymph nodes (P = 0.000). In the cases with disappearing, markedly decreased, slightly decreased, or enlarged malignant nodes within six months after radiation, the relapse rates were 2.9%, 4.5%, 12.5% and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>If the nasopharyngeal walls are shown to remain moderately thick on a CT scan beyond 6 months after radiotherapy, the risk of relapse will increase. The baseline images taken within 3 months after radiotherapy and regular follow-up studies are the key to pick up the tumor recurrences in an earlier stage.</p>

Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in thyroid lesions / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse ultrasonographic mapping of the thyroid lesions, so as to summarize ultrasonographic characteristics, and improve the accuracy rate of preoperative diagnosis for thyroid lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were analyzed for 1700 patients with different thyroid lesions who were treated between January 2002 and December 2005. The appearance of gray scale and colour Doppler sonography for the lesions was prospectively studied, the different blood flow index was determined. All patients underwent surgery and had histopathologic diagnosis at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The criterion of diagnosis for benign lesions were (1) multinodular; (2) the presence of peripheral halo; (3) regular and defined margins, intranodular uniform echogenicity; (4) macrocalcification; (5) the degree of blood flow was I or IV grade, the distribution of blood flow was I type; (6) the blood resistance index was over 0. 6, the blood peak value speed was below 12 cm/s. The criterion of diagnosis for malignant lesions were (1) single nodular; (2) irregular and partly defined margins; (3) intranodular irregular hypoechogenicity; (4) microcalcification; (5) the degree of blood flow was II or III grade, the distribution of blood flow was II type; (6) the presence of metastatic lymph node in region; (7) the blood resistance index was below 0. 6, the blood peak value speed was over 12 cm/s.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all cases, 1284 cases were benign and 416 cases malignant. The accuracy rate of gray scale sonography for benign and malignant thyroid lesions was respectively 80. 0% and 75.0%. The accuracy rate of ultrasound diagnosis for benign and malignant thyroid lesions was respectively 86.0% and 82.0%, total accuracy rate for thyroid lesion was 85.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gray scale sonography was very important to distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions of thyroid tumor, the accuracy rate was greatly improved with colour Doppler sonography, but the determination of blood flow index is no help to differentiating between benign and malignant lesions of thyroid tumor. The accurate rate of ultrasound for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions is high, it is the first choice measure in preoperative diagnosis for thyroid lesions.</p>

Evaluation of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA in contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the liver / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety, tolerance and efficacy of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA in contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two patients having been suspected of suffering from primary liver tumor or hepatic metastasis by ultrasonography (US) or CT received Gd-BOPTA or Gd-DTPA in contrast-enhanced MRI examination pre- and post-contrast MRI. T(1)- and T(2)-weighted spin-echo, and T(1)-weighted gradient-echo images were acquired before injection. Dynamic T(1)-weighted gradient-echo images were obtained at 15 - 45 s, 1 - 2, 2 - 3, 4 - 5 and 8 min, respectively, after intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA or Gd-DTPA at the same dose of 0.1 mmol/kg, and delayed T(1)-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo images were acquired at 40 - 120 minutes after injection. All the images were assessed in three matched pairs including pre-contrast images vs. early post-contrast images; pre-contrast images vs. delayed post-contrast images; and pre-contrast images vs. early and delayed post-contrast images. The assessment was made in terms of 4 aspects including improved conspicuousness and/or delineation of liver lesions, improved confidence in lesion detection or exclusion, improved assessment of lesion internal morphology, and improved confidence in lesion characterization. The results of assessments were statistically compared inside every group or between two groups, and the radiological utility of contrast enhancement was also evaluated at the end of the study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. There were significant differences between pre-contrast images vs. early post-contrast images and pre-contrast images vs. delayed post-contrast images inside the Gd-DTPA group, and the early post-contrast images were superior to delayed images. 2. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of pre-contrast images vs. delayed post-contrast images, and Gd-BOPTA was superior to Gd-DTPA. 3. The quality of post-contrast images were improved obviously with a rate of 72.7% for Gd-BOPTA and 70.0% for Gd-DTPA, respectively, but without significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The early post-contrast phase of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging is superior to delayed phase. The effects of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA in early post-contrast imaging are comparable, but Gd-BOPTA is significantly superior to Gd-DTPA in delayed post-contrast imaging.</p>

Value of MRI in the assessment of invasion depth by endometrial carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of MR imaging in the assessment of invasion depth by endometrial carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of 122 patients with endometrial carcinoma proved by postoperative pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperatively, all patients underwent conventional and contrast-enhanced MR scan. Compared with the results of pathology, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of different invasion depth determined by MRI were analyzed with SPSS software based on whether the junctional zone was involved or not as the criterion of myometrial invasion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Based on MRI image, the tumor was confined to the endometrium in 17 patients, causing superficial myometrial invasion 60, deep-myometrial invasion 40 and having penetrated the serosa 5. Compared with postoperative pathology results, the incidence of sensitivity, specficity and accuracy of MRI assessment for tumor confined to endometrium was 64.7%, 94.3%, 90.2%, respectively; to superficial myometrial invasion: 64.6%, 82.5%, 70.5%, respectively; to deep-myometrial invasion: 94.4%, 77.9%, 80.3%, respectively; to tumor having penetrated the serosa: 80.0%, 99.1%, 98.4%, respectively. (2) Based on intact junctional zone as the criterion of tumor confined to endometrium, the sensitivity, specficity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value was 92.9%, 67.9%, 73.1%, 43.3%, 97.3%, respectively. Based on the interruption of junctional zone as the criterion of tumor having involved the myometrium, the sensitivity, specficity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value was 67.9%, 92.9%, 73.1%, 97.3%, 43.3%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI is valuable in the assessment of the invasion depth by endometrial carcinoma, and the dose plays an important role for the clinician in selecting proper way of therapy.</p>

Value of multi-slice helical CT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of multi-slice helical CT in the differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The multi-slice helical CT images of 72 patients with 82 thyroid lesions were prospectively studied. The CT features including the margin, density of the lesion and cervical lymph node enlargement were evaluated double-blindly. All the image findings were compared with the pathological results, and analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 42 benign lesions, 38 (90.5 % ) showed well-defined margin, 13 (30. 9% ) contained low density nodular areas, 3 (7. 1% ) showed granular calcifications, and 2 (4. 8% ) had cervical lymph node enlargement. Of 40 thyroid carcinomas, 37 lesions(92.5% ) had irregular border, no lesion contained low density nodular areas, 14 (35. 0%) showed granular calcifications, and 31 (77. 5% ) had enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Nineteen lesions (55. 9% ) from 34 thyroid carcinoma patients who had undergone contrast enhanced CT scan showed complex density, while only 2(6. 3% ) of 32 benign lesions showed such findings on contrast enhancement. There were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant lesion in margin, low density nodular area, granular calcification, cervical lymph node enlargement and complex density( P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings of well-defined margin and low density nodular area in CT image may suggest benign thyroid lesions, whereas the presence of irregular border, granular calcifications and cervical lymph node enlargement as well as complex density may indicate thyroid malignancy.</p>

Value of high-resolution ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of cervical cystic lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze ultrasonographic features of the different kinds of cervical cystic lesions, and propose differential diagnostic standard for these lesions based on the evidence of high resolution ultrasonography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 107 patients with different kinds of cervical cystic lesions were analyzed. The role of gray scale and colour Doppler sonography for such lesions was prospectively studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of accuracy for benign cervical cystic lesions was 91.1% (92/101), however, it was only 16.7% (1/6) for malignant cervical cystic lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-resolution ultrasonography is effective and simple in differential diagnosis of different kinds of cervical cystic lesions, especially for benign ones.</p>

Value of mixed embolus transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using mixed emboli for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>188 patients with HCC were divided into two groups according to the treatment modality: 103 patients in group A treated by routine iodine embolus agent; 85 patients in group B by mixed iodine embolus agent (ultra-liquified iodinized oil + gelatin sponge + chemotherapeutic agents). The pattern of the arrested iodine deposition in the tumor, response, resectability during follow-up, pathological changes, survival and complications in the two groups were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pattern of full-and-dense iodine deposition in the tumor and the response rate (CR + PR) were 59.2% and 32.0% in group A, 89.4% and 56.5% in group B. Surgical resection after TACE was possible in 5.8% (6/103) of group A versus 15.3% (13/85) of group B. Complete tumor necrosis was observed in 1.0% and 4.7% in groups A and B, respectively. 1-, 2- and 3-year actual survival rates were 57.7%, 42.8% and 8.4% in group A, and 79.8%, 55.3%, 38.5% in group B. The difference in results between the two groups was statistically significant, however, the incidence of complication in the two groups was similar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transarterial chemoembolization with mixed iodine emboli is more effective than with the routine iodine emboli in the treatment of bulky or nodular hepatocellular carcinoma rich in blood supply. Mixed iodine emboli is tolerable without increase in severe complications.</p>

MRI features of brain metastases of lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the MRI features of intracranial metastases of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 858 patients with history of primary lung cancer suspicious of brain metastases was retrospectively reviewed with MRI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. Of the 858 patients, 393 (45.8%) had brain metastases on MRI. The primary tumor was lung adenocarcinoma in 117 (29.8%), small cell lung cancer in 110 (28.0%), squamous cell cancer in 52 (13.2%), adenosquamous cancer in 16 (4.1%), large cell carcinoma in 2 (0.5%) and carcinoid in 1 (0.3%). The histopathological types of the primary tumor were unknown in 95 (24.2%). 2. Meningeal metastasis was found in 19 patients with lung cancer. The primary tumor was of adenocarcinoma lung in 6, small cell lung cancer in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 4 and the remaining 4 were of unknown histopathological type. 3. Edema around the lesion: in 120 cases, there was no obvious edema; the edema was slight in 98 cases, moderate in 70, serious in 86.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The brain metastasis of lung cancer is of common occurrence. MRI with enhancement is very helpful in the establishment of diagnosis.</p>

Intracranial metastasis of malignant tumors: clinical characteristics and MR imaging features / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of intracranial metastasis from malignant tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1271 patients who had history of primary tumor and suspected of cranial metastasis had MRI on Philips Gyroscan T5-NT MR scanner. The sequences included pre-contrast T(1)WI, FLAIR, and postcontrast transversal, sagittal, and coronal T(1)WI. All of the clinical data and MRI features of the patients were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 547 patients with intracranial metastasis, 393 came from lung cancer (71.9%), 10% of 547 patients were found to have the presenting symptoms of cranial metastasis. 526 had parenchymal cerebral metastasis, and 21 only meningeal metastasis. Of these 526 patients found to have brain metastasis, 164 had single metastasis (31.2%), and 362 multiple (68.8%). Most of the cerebral metastatic lesions showed uniform or ring enhancement after intravenous injection of contrast medium, dura-arachnoid metastasis showed continuous and thick-curve enhancement at the cerebral convex, but not extending to the sulcus, while pia-dura metastasis displayed as thin and linear or nodular enhancement extending to the adjacent sulci.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The most common primary lesion with metastasis to the brain were lung cancers, followed by breast and gastrointestinal cancers. By using gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MR imaging, many single and small cerebral metastasis could be found earlier.</p>

MR manifestations of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the classification,MR manifestations,and the pathological basis of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver(SNN)in order to evaluate MRI as a diagnosing tool Methods The MR appearances of 9 cases with pathologically proved SNN were analyzed and correlated with the classification and pathological appearances.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results(1)Simple coagulative necrosis type(5 cases):The signal of lesions was hypo-intense or iso-intense on both T_1-and T_2- weighted images.After Gd-DTPA administration,the internal part of the lesions showed no enhancement,while the thin capsule of the lesions demonstrated mild or moderate delayed enhancement. These lesions,proved by pathology,were composed of central coagulative necrotic core and a peripheral hyaline fibrosis capsule.(2)Coagulative necrosis aceompanied by liquefactive necrosis type(1 case):On T_1-weighted images,the signal of hypo-intensity was found within these lesions and even lower signal intensity was found in the central area of larger lesions.On T_2-weighted images,the lesions had a bright core and a peripheral hypointensive or isointensive area.After Gd-DTPA administration,the internal part of the lesions showed no enhancement,while the thin capsule of the lesions demonstrated mild or moderate delayed enhancement.These lesions had a central coagulative necrosis core interleaved by slit- like liquefactive necrosis foci,and peripherally a thin capsule of hyaline fibrosis proved by pathology.(3)Multi-nodular fusion type,(3cases):On T_1-weighted images,the lesions were of hypointensive or isointensive signal and had multiple septa of isointensive signal.On T_2-weighted images,the lesions were of hypointensive or isointensive signal and had multiple septa of hyperintensive or isointensive signal.After Gd-DTPA administration,No enhancement was found except mild or moderate delayed enhancement found in the thin capsule and septa.These lesions were composed of central coagulative necrosis area and a peripheral hyaline fibrosis capsule with multiple internal septa proved by pathology.Conclusion MRI apperances can reflect the classification and pathological features of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver.

The significance of multi-slice helical CT multiplanar reconstruction in the diagnoses of laryngeal carcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the significance of multi-slice helical CT with multiplanar reconstruction in laryngeal carcinoma.Methods Thirty-five patients with laryngeal carcinoma were studied by helical CT,MPR were subsequently done.The lesion extent of the axial image findings,MPR findings and the combined image findings were compared with the pathological results respectively.The data were statistically analyzed.Results In the evaluation of the anterior commissure,the axial image findings,MPR findings and the combined image findings were 82.9%,68.6% and 91.4% in accuracy respectively,the results were statistically different(P0.05).The combined images were superior to the axial images and the MPR images in sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the lesion extent.Conclusion The axial images could show the shape,size,extension of the tumor and the lymphadenopathy,MPR images displayed the shape,size and extension roundly and directly,they were the supplement for the axial images.Axial images combined with MPR could improve the accuracy in the diagnoses of laryngeal carcinoma.